Food Chemical Safety Science at IAFNS
The IAFNS Food Chemical Safety Committee mobilizes members from government, industry and academia to drive, fund and lead actionable science in support of public health.
Improving Food Safety
Through its tripartite model—bringing together scientists from government, academia, and industry—the Food Chemical Safety Committee funds external researchers and convenes experts to enhance the safety of our global food supply.
Focus Areas include:
- Heavy Metals and Toxic Elements
- Nanoplastics and Microplastics
- Food Allergens
- Evidence-Based Risk Assessment
- New Approach Methods (NAMs)
Chemicals and Food Safety
The Food Chemical Safety Committee promotes a science-based assessment of the safety of foods and food ingredients to support public health.
For example, our work advances strategies for mitigating the presence of heavy metals in food and agricultural soils.
We fund and promote novel, exposure-focused risk assessment methods that leverage validated new approaches and scientific paradigms.
Committee Members
Industry
- Abbott Nutrition
- ADM
- Beech-Nut
- Cargill, Incorporated
- Campbell Soup
- The Coca-Cola Company
- Conagra Brands
- General Mills, Inc.
- The Hershey Company
- Ingredion
- International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc.
- Keurig Dr Pepper
- Kraft Heinz Company
- Mondelēz International
- Nestlé
Academia
Norbert Kaminski, PhD
Michigan State University
Government
- Suzanne Fitzpatrick, PhD, DABT
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition - Katie Weyrauch
U.S Department of Agriculture
Food Safety and Inspection Service - Shoushan Steve Zeng, PhD
U.S Department of Agriculture
National Institute of Food and Agriculture - Natalia Garcia Reyero Vinas, PhD
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FOCUS AREAS
New Approach Methodologies (NAMs)
FDA is launching a new program: Engaging NAMs for Toxicant REgulation and Effects (ENTREE) which is intended to help stakeholders develop and validate alternative method to be endorsed for regulatory use by FDA in advance for a specific use. NAMs include high-throughput non-animal tests along with new in vitro, in silico and powerful computer modeling tools. As a first step, IAFNS’ research will facilitate the use of NAMS starting with identifying classes of food substances that have cited NAMs data to support a regulatory approval. This includes a review of FDA GRAS findings, as well as those of the European Food Safety Authority.
Soil Factors Driving Uptake of Toxic Elements by Rice and Leafy Greens
Both rice and leafy greens are healthy, widely consumed, and used in a variety of food products, but are susceptible to contamination by toxic elements, sometimes referred to as heavy metals. Rice is a uniquely grown crop, typically grown under flooded conditions for most of its lifecycle, which increases availability of arsenic. Leafy greens, including the widely consumed lettuce and spinach, can be contaminated by toxic elements including cadmium and lead. Spinach is particularly efficient at accumulating cadmium in its leaves. This work examines the soil factors that drive uptake of arsenic and cadmium in rice and cadmium and lead in leafy greens to highlight how soil factors, by very different mechanisms, are important in driving this uptake in diverse food products. This information informs mitigation solutions.
A Framework for Heavy Metal Exposure Reduction in Human Diets
Heavy metals (also referred to as toxic elements) such as lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic are widely present in the environment due to natural occurrence (e.g., in agricultural soils) and anthropomorphic activities. Heavy metals can sometimes unavoidably enter the food supply from various routes such as soil, water and air, as well as agricultural practices. Aligned with FDA’s ‘Closer to Zero’ initiative for reducing toxic elements in foods for babies and infants, the committee has launched two complementary research projects that aim to develop a framework for reducing exposure to heavy metals in foods. Framework elements will include metal/commodity prioritization, concentration ranges, exposure assessments, agricultural practices, and current and future mitigation options along the production and supply chains.
Review of Regulatory Reference Values and Background Levels for Heavy Metals in the Human Diet
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has identified dietary exposure to heavy metals as a public health concern, focusing particularly on arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. One way to assess exposure risk is to compare established safe exposure limits (reference values) with current population-based dietary background levels. In this IAFNS paper, information on reference values and dietary background exposure was quickly evaluated and updated. These regulatory and consumption levels inform a novel, interactive, web-based tool that can be used for screening-level assessments of potential risks of heavy metals in foods and ingredients.
Heavy Metals and Age Groups
Heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) have the potential to cause neurocognitive impairment to infants and young children who are exposed to them in their diets. To help address these risks it is important to identify which foods contain the highest levels of these metals; and based on US consumption of these foods by age group, which food-metal combinations cause the greatest potential exposure via diets. This research examined which foods contain the highest levels of heavy metals; and based on US consumption of these foods by different age groups, which food-metal dyads cause the greatest human exposures.
Microplastics and Hazards
In the last few years, scientists have recognized the emergence of micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) particles in food as in the waters, air, soil, and biota. Once ingested through food, MNPs can sequester in blood and other tissues. This project will characterize food and packaging plastics through micronization, artificial weathering, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and analysis of their physical and chemical properties. Based on their properties, a framework will be crafted to assess human adsorption and absorption of micro- and nanoplastics from food and packaging to better evaluate exposure scenarios.
Evidence-Based Risk Assessment of Ingredients and Additives
- Risk assessment of foods and food ingredients continues to advance. Research sponsored by the Food Chemical Safety Committee aims to develop and validate new risk assessment paradigms that leverage and combine emerging technologies with more accurate assessments of potential exposure and mode-of-action scenarios leading to improved outcomes. Researchers will synthesize these data streams and develop a new evidence-based risk framework for ingredients and additives illustrated with examples.
Probabilistic Exposure Assessments
- Studies of exposure to support risk assessments are often static and rely on deterministic scenarios. New probabilistic assessments can refine static approaches by better accounting for exposure variability and uncertainty. IAFNS’ research will analyze the current state of exposure modeling by regulatory agencies and highlight the value of integrating dynamic probabilistic exposure assessments. It will also address factors that hinder adoption of probabilistic exposure models.
Food Allergens
Food allergies affect a significant number of children and adults in North America and globally. Potential exposure to food allergens is currently communicated using ambiguous, unhelpful statements such as “may contain” or “packaged in a facility that also processes”. The committee supported the first study of its kind to model peanut allergen dose-responses based on US clinical tests and estimate thresholds of peanut protein that trigger an adverse reaction. The use of allergen response thresholds has the potential to significantly improve food labeling with measurable benefits to allergic individuals (read the project description and the publication).
The Committee was a co-sponsor of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report Finding a Path to Safety in Food Allergy.
Projects Supported by the Committee
Evidence-Based Risk Assessment of Ingredients and Additives
Ingredient & Additive Risk Assessment Evidence-Based Risk Assessment of Ingredients and Additives This project focuses on the development of a framework to facilitate the risk […]
Read More about Evidence-Based Risk Assessment of Ingredients and Additives
Soil Factors Driving Uptake of Toxic Elements by Rice and Leafy Greens
Investigating Soil Characteristics Soil Factors Driving Uptake of Toxic Elements by Rice & Leafy Greens Investigating how soil characteristics influence arsenic, cadmium, and lead levels […]
Read More about Soil Factors Driving Uptake of Toxic Elements by Rice and Leafy Greens
Exposure Characterization of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Foods
FCS and Packaging Committee Project: Exposure Characterization of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Foods The volume of plastics produced globally every year has steadily increased over […]
Read More about Exposure Characterization of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Foods
Review of EU Novel Food Submissions and US GRAS Petitions to Identify Opportunities for NAMS
Opportunities for NAMS in Food Safety Reviews Review of EU Novel Food Submissions and US GRAS Petitions to Identify Opportunities for NAMS The risk assessment […]
Read More about Review of EU Novel Food Submissions and US GRAS Petitions to Identify Opportunities for NAMS
Heavy Metals in US Foods: Exposure Assessment by Age Group and Mitigation Strategies
Heavy Metal Exposure in US Foods by Age Group Heavy Metals in US Foods: Exposure Assessment by Age Group and Mitigation Strategies Heavy metals such […]
Read More about Heavy Metals in US Foods: Exposure Assessment by Age Group and Mitigation Strategies
A Framework for Heavy Metal Prioritization and Mitigation for Reducing Metal Intake: Rice and Spinach Case Studies
Heavy Metal Risk and Mitigation in Rice and Spinach A Framework for Heavy Metal Prioritization and Mitigation for Reducing Metal Intake: Rice and Spinach Case […]
Read More about A Framework for Heavy Metal Prioritization and Mitigation for Reducing Metal Intake: Rice and Spinach Case StudiesSharing Our Science
Publication Date
Use of Probabilistic Exposure Models in the Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Chemicals
Food Additives & Contaminants, 2025
This paper provides an introduction and overview of the use of probabilistic exposure assessments to characterize exposures to chemicals from the diet.
Identification of Mutagenicity, MOA and Dose Response Analysis
Food & Chemical Toxicology, 2025
Authors test a risk assessment framework designed to evaluate dietary compounds for a more informed risk management decision.
Read more about Identification of Mutagenicity, MOA and Dose Response Analysis
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Federal and State Efforts to Restrict PFAS: Impact on Food Companies
November 14, 2022
Virtual, Event
This webinar will highlight recent and upcoming state laws and federal-level actions that will likely impact food companies and their packaging suppliers. The webinar will also highlight EPA’s actions under the PFAS Strategic Roadmap and preview expected actions later in 2022 and beyond.
Read more about Federal and State Efforts to Restrict PFAS: Impact on Food Companies
IAFP 2021 Annual Meeting
July 18, 2021 – July 21, 2021
Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Each year, the International Association for Food Protection hosts an Annual Meeting, providing attendees with information on current and emerging food safety issues, the latest science, innovative solutions to new and recurring problems, and the opportunity to network with thousands of food safety professionals from around the globe.
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Each year, the International Association for Food Protection hosts an Annual Meeting, providing attendees with information on current and emerging food safety issues, the latest science, innovative solutions to new and recurring problems, and the opportunity to network with thousands of food safety professionals from around the globe.
This year, IAFNS Food and Chemical Safety Committee and Food Microbiology Committee are supporting the four sessions at the IAFP Annual Meeting.
Progressing Allergen Risk Management: Thresholds and Quantitative Risk Assessment
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July 21, 2021, 1:45 PM - 3:15 PM ET
Food allergies constitute a significant public health issue that affects approximately 32 million Americans. The Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE) reports a 377% increase in the diagnosis of anaphylactic food reactions between 2007 and 2016. Although research is ongoing for therapeutics, the primary management for food-allergic consumers is strict dietary avoidance. Food choices, however, may be limited for these consumers because of widespread and inconsistent use of precautionary allergen labeling (e.g., statements such as may contain). The concept of reference doses based on a threshold effect is routinely used in public health risk assessment to inform the approach to risk management. For food allergens, dose response modeling of clinical data from oral food challenges in food-allergic individuals has the potential to inform allergen risk management decisions and drive consistency in allergen labeling. This session will explore the current understanding and application of reference doses for food allergens (derived from the modeling of individual thresholds) and consider what information and tools are needed to progress toward reliable allergen risk assessment and management decisions.
Bayesian Hierarchical Evaluation of Dose-Response for Peanut Allergy in Clinical Trial Screening
Lynne Haber, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
Occurrence of Allergens in Pre-Packaged Foods in Conjunction with the Use of Precautionary Labeling in Canada: Learnings and Future Directions
Samuel Godefroy, Université Laval, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Quebec City, QC, Canada
Practical Applications of Quantitative Risk Assessment of Allergens
Benjamin Remington, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
This session is supported by the IAFNS Food and Chemical Safety Committee.
Developing Atmospheric Cold Plasma as a Nonthermal Food Safety Tool
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July 21, 2021, 4:30 PM - 6:30 PM ET
Cold plasma is an emerging technology proposed as a nonthermal process to reduce food safety risks on a variety of foods. Atmospheric cold plasma has a benefit in that it can be applied to packaged foods to reduce surface contaminants such as Salmonella or STEC on fresh fruits and vegetables or L. monocytogenes on high-moisture cheeses. This symposium will present an overview of the technology, examples of inactivating microbes as well as demonstrating it as a novel approach to reduce the presence of mycotoxins on grains. Results from validation studies will be presented and challenges to commercialization will be addressed.
Featured Speakers:
Introduction to Technology, Barriers to Commercialization, Regulatory Approval/Worker Safety
Brendan Niemira, PhD, USDA Agricultural Research Service
Case Study: Inactivation of Aflatoxin/Grains
Kevin Keener, PhD, University of Guelph
Case Study: Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in Soft Cheese
Melha Mellata, PhD, Iowa State University
Case Study: From Bench to Prototype for Fresh Produce Safety
Paula Bourke, PhD, University College Dublin
This event is supported by the IAFNS Food Microbiology Committee.
Advances in Powdered Food Safety and Quality Sampling Plans: Theory, Simulation and Practice
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July 19, 2021, 11:30 AM - 1:00 PM ET
Powdered products are burdened by low-prevalence, low-level contamination that is typically heterogeneously distributed. Multiple commodities and products could benefit from improved management of these risks as evidenced by outbreaks of foodborne disease linked to dairy powders, wheat and nut flours, and powdered infant formula. This session will focus on advances in powder sampling and provide depth in one well-studied commodity, dairy powder, upon which other commodities may draw analogous lessons.
As manufacturers supply domestic and global markets, they must continue to manage rare microbiological contamination with foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, chemical contamination with mycotoxins such as aflatoxin, and meet increasingly stringent customer quality requirements for indicator and spore counts, to ensure product compliance with regulatory standards. While product testing is one fundamental component of food safety and quality management, traditional best practices like ICMSF-style manual N60 grab sampling is underpowered when those hazards are at low prevalence and level. Modern technologies like autosamplers provide opportunities to improve practice by automating the process of sample collection. This opens the possibility to take many more, smaller samples with complex stratification and true randomness.
Currently, the food industry is needing improvements in practices to meet safety and quality challenges. This session meets that need by addressing knowledge gaps around the benefits of improved sampling plans, technologies and implementation strategies, using dairy powders as an example case. The session will start with a speaker presenting recent statistical theory modelling powder sampling to define the performance of traditional grab compared to auto sampling approaches. The next speaker will present work simulating dairy powder sampling to better define the variability of sampling plans when applied to specific production and hazard scenarios. Finally, we will hear from an industry speaker providing perspective on the value and practicality of getting this done in a multinational company.
Modelling the Effect of Sampling Methods on Detection Tests for Powdered Products
Roger Kissling, Fonterra
Simulating Production and Hazard Scenarios in Powdered Product Sampling to Improve Food Safety Sampling Plans
Matthew J. Stasiewicz, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Industry Need and Role for Improved Sampling of Powdered Products
Pamela Wilger, Cargill
This session is supported by the IAFNS Food Microbiology Committee.
Emergency Use of Microbial Methods of Detection by Industry - Alternative Routes Proving Fit for Purpose
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July 20, 2021, 11:30 AM - 1:00 PM ET
The food safety industry must ensure analytical methods designed to detect hazards are fit-for-purpose for their specific commodities. Meanwhile, the food industry is developing hundreds of new ingredients and products that will require screening for microbial hazards. With the ever-expanding diversity of these food products, what happens when a testing laboratory is presented with an urgent request for testing a matrix that was not included in the method's original validation study? The laboratory is asked to deviate from the intended use of the method by testing a different matrix or a different test portion size.
This situation can occur when a food manufacturer requires a faster turn-around time for product release than their standard method allows, when there is a sudden issue with the performance of a rapid test kit, or if a test kits from the manufacturer are backordered. Do these situations constitute an emergency? Arguably, this upset in product distribution could constitute an emergency in terms of the supply chain which is already under stress due to pandemic disruptions - with real effects on consumer well-being and the economy.
This roundtable will consider the key components required for a matrix validation and acceptable strategies for matrix validation that can be used in emergency situations. What approaches will allow expediency while assuring that the method is fit for purpose?
View Resources and Verification Guidance Documents
Invited panel participants:
• Deann Akins-Lewenthal, ConAgra Brands
• Patrick Bird, Technical Consultant, AOAC INTERNATIONAL
• Megan Brown, Eurofins
• Tom Hammack, US Food and Drug Administration
• Kelly Stevens, General Mills
This session is supported by the IAFNS Food Microbiology Committee.
Learn more about the IAFP Annual Meeting.
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