Upcoming Events
Mini-Webinar: Diet as a Modulator of Inflammation and Immune Response via the Gut Microbiome: Toward Dietary Recommendations
July 26, 2022
Virtual, Event
“Crash Course” on Design and Interpretation of Gut Microbiome Research
July 21, 2022
Virtual, Event
Effective application of gut microbiome research requires clinicians to critically appraise methodological elements of research when interpreting results. In this webinar, an overview of best practices for designing and conducting diet-microbiome research in humans will be provided. Topics will include not only intervention study designs but also recruitment tips, sampling methods, important metadata to collect, and more.
Read more about “Crash Course” on Design and Interpretation of Gut Microbiome Research
What is “Sweetness”? The Biological Drive For Sweet Taste and Role in Quality of Life for Individuals with T1DM
July 19, 2022
Virtual, Event
In this session, the biology of sweet taste and its role in the total diet will be reviewed. In addition, new data from a study assessing the relationship between LNCS use and QoL in adults with Type I Diabetes will be presented.
IAFNS at NUTRITION 2022
June 14, 2022 – June 16, 2022
Virtual, Event
Join IAFNS at the American Society for Nutrition Annual meeting – NUTRITION 2022 – to learn about some of our funded projects.
GS1 Connect 2022
June 7, 2022 – June 9, 2022
San Diego, CA
IAFNS is representing the Partnership on the USDA Global Branded Food Products Database at GS1 Connect 2022. This event brings trading partners together to learn about standards-based business processes and best practices for optimum efficiencies in managing the supply and demand sides of their value chain
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Join IAFNS at the American Society for Nutrition Annual meeting - NUTRITION 2022 - to learn about some of our funded projects.
Diet-Related and Gut-Derived Metabolites and Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review: Abstract Presentation Number: PO24-19-22
Expand
Presenting Author: Yuanxi Jia, Johns Hopkins University
Topical Area: Nutritional Microbiology/Microbiome
Supported by: IAFNS Gut Microbiome Committee
For more information, see here.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To conduct a scoping review to map available evidence about the health impact of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in humans.
Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase for studies that assessed the health impact of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in humans. We included case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials. Any health condition was considered. Based on an initial prioritization phase informed by preliminary searching and expert input, we narrowed our scope to ten metabolites: deoxycholate or deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholate or lithocholic acid (LCA), glycolithocholate or glycolithocholic acid, glycodeoxycholate or glycodeoxycholic acid, tryptamine, putrescine, d-alanine, urolithins, N-acetylmannosamine, and phenylacetylglutamine. We used evidence mapping to identify evidence gaps and associations that may permit future systematic reviews. The screening was conducted in PICO Portal aided by artificial intelligence.
Results: Overall, for these 10 metabolites, we identified 352 studies with 168,072 participants. Most (326, 92.6%) were case-control studies, followed by cohort studies (14, 4.0%), clinical trials (8, 2.3%), and cross-sectional studies (6, 1.7%). Most studies assessed the following associations: DCA on hepatobiliary disorders (64 studies, 7,976 participants), colorectal cancer (19 studies, 7,461 participants), and other digestive disorders (27 studies, 2,463 participants); LCA on hepatobiliary disorders (34 studies, 4,297 participants), colorectal cancers (14 studies, 4,955 participants), and other digestive disorders (26 studies, 2,117 participants); putrescine on colorectal cancers (16 studies, 94,399 participants) and cancers excluding colorectal and hepatobiliary cancers (42 studies, 4,250 participants).
Conclusions: The association of gut microbiota-derived metabolites and human health is being examined in an increasing number of studies, most of which are case-control studies. As these metabolites hold considerable potential for elucidating microbiome-disease associations, there is a need to conduct more prospective studies including clinical trials. Moreover, systemic reviews are needed to characterize the metabolite-disease associations.
Funding Sources: Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS)
Relationship Between Exposure to Dietary Sweetness and Body Weight-Related Outcomes in Adults: An Evidence Map: Abstract Presentation Number: PO08-20-22
Expand
Presenting Author: Kelly A. Higgins, USDA, ARS
Topical Area: Dietary Patterns
Supported by: IAFNS Carbohydrates and Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners Committees
For more information, see here.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: An evidence map was conducted to characterize published research investigating dietary sweetness and body weight. The primary aim was to identify studies that investigate total dietary sweetness and body weight-related outcomes among healthy adults; the secondary aim was to map the evidence that investigates sugar, sweetener, or sweet food/beverage intake and body weight.
Methods: Using pre-registered search terms (https://osf.io/my7pb), 33,609 publications (duplicates removed) from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were screened for inclusion. Eligible studies were cross-sectional studies, longitudinal cohort studies, case control studies, clinical trials, and systematic reviews conducted among adults (≥18 years) which investigated the associations between total dietary sweetness, sugar, sweetener (energetic or nonenergetic), or sweet food/beverage intake on body weight, body mass index, adiposity, and energy intake.
Results: A total of 824 eligible publications were identified. Two clinical trials and 5 cross-sectional studies investigated the associations between total dietary sweetness and a body weight-related outcome. An additional 630 publications were identified that investigated sugar, sweetener, or sweet food/beverage intake and body weight-related outcomes, including 225 clinical trials, 87 longitudinal cohort studies, and 298 cross-sectional studies. Ninety publications reported on dietary patterns that included sweet foods/beverages alongside other dietary components. Most studies (91%) did not measure the sweetness of the diet or individual foods consumed. Additionally, 97 systematic reviews that addressed relevant but different research questions related to sweetness exposure and body weight-related outcomes were identified.
Conclusions: While there is a breadth of evidence available from studies that investigate sugar, sweetener, and sweet food/beverage intake and body weight, there is limited evidence on the association between total dietary sweetness exposure and body weight.
Funding Sources: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences
Quality of Popular Diets in the United States: Abstract Presentation Number: PO08-09-22
Expand
Presenting Author: Zach Conrad, William & Mary
Topical Area: Dietary Patterns
Supported by: IAFNS Carbohydrates Committee
For more information, see here.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: 1) Evaluate the quality of popular diets in the US, and 2) model the effect of targeted food substitutions on diet quality.
Methods: Dietary data from 34,411 adults ≥20 y were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2018. Usual dietary intake was assessed using the National Cancer Institute's usual intake methodology, and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 was used to evaluate the diet quality of eleven popular diets. A diet model was used to evaluate the effect of targeted food substitutions on diet quality.
Results: Participants that followed a pescatarian diet pattern had the highest diet quality (65.2, 95% CI: 64.0-66.4), followed by vegetarian (63.0, 62.0-63.0), very low grain (62.7, 62.2-63.3), flexible paleo (62.3, 61.1-63.4), low grain (61.2, 60.6-61.9), low-moderate grain (59.7, 59.3-60.2), omnivorous (57.8, 57.5-58.1), restricted carbohydrate (56.9, 56.6-57.3), time restricted (55.2, 54.8-55.5), moderate protein (55.0, 54.7-55.3), and high protein (51.8, 51.0-62.7). Modeled replacement of up to three daily servings of foods highest in added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat with alternative foods led to a statistically significant increase in diet quality and a decrease in energy intake for most diets (P < 0.001 for most diets).
Conclusions: Low diet quality was observed for all popular diets evaluated in this study. Modeled dietary shifts that align with recommendations to choose foods lower in added sugar, sodium, and saturated fat led to only modest improvements in diet quality but a larger reduction in energy intake. Greater efforts are needed to shift consumer perceptions away from reductionist dietary approaches that place undue emphasis on specific foods, individual macronutrients, and timing of eating, and toward healthy dietary patterns that emphasize consumption of a variety of high-quality food groups.
Funding Sources: This work was supported by the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS) Carbohydrate Committee. IAFNS is a nonprofit science organization that pools funding from industry collaborators and advances science through the in-kind and financial contributions from public and private sector participants. IAFNS had no role in the design, analysis, interpretation, or presentation of the data and results.
Association Between Restricted Carbohydrate Diets and Cardiometabolic Disease: Abstract Presentation Number: PO22-26-22
Expand
Presenting Author: Corina Kowalski, William & Mary
Topical Area: Nutritional Epidemiology
Supported by: IAFNS Carbohydrate and Lipids Committees
For more information, see here.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study evaluated the association between restricted carbohydrate diets and prevalent cardiometabolic disease (CMD), stratified by fat intake.
Methods: Dietary and CMD data were obtained from 19,078 participants ≥20 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) methodology was used to assess usual intake of foods and nutrients.
Results: Compared to individuals that met all macronutrient recommendations, those consuming restricted carbohydrate diets ( < 45%en) were 1.123 (95% CI 1.113-1.133) times as likely to have CMD, and those consuming the recommended amount of carbohydrates only were 1.060 (1.058-1.062) times as likely to have CMD. Higher intakes of saturated and polyunsaturated fat were associated with greater prevalence of CMD in restricted and recommended carbohydrate intake groups. Higher intakes of monounsaturated fat were associated with lower prevalence of CMD among participants that met carbohydrate recommendations only.
Conclusions: Participants that consumed restricted carbohydrate diets were more likely to have CMD compared to participants that met all macronutrient recommendations, and this association was modified by fat intake. Greater efforts are needed to understand longitudinal associations between carbohydrate intake and CMD.
Funding Sources: This work was supported by the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS) Carbohydrate and Lipid Committees. IAFNS is a nonprofit science organization that pools funding from industry collaborators and advances science through the in-kind and financial contributions from public and private sector participants. IAFNS had no role in the design, analysis, interpretation, or presentation of the data and results.
Restricted Carbohydrate Diets High in Fat Are Associated With Increased Likelihood of Prevalent Metabolic Syndrome: Abstract Presentation Number: PO22-13-22
Expand
Presenting Author: Dakota Dustin, The Ohio State University
Topical Area: Nutritional Epidemiology
Supported by: IAFNS Carbohydrate and Lipids Committees
For more information, see here.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study evaluated the association between a restricted carbohydrate diet ( < 45% energy from carbohydrate) and metabolic syndrome stratified by fatty acid classes in a nationally representative sample of U.S adults.
Methods: Data on food and nutrient intake, and markers of metabolic syndrome, were obtained from 19,078 respondents ≥20 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. The National Cancer Institute's usual intake methodology was used to evaluate the associations between usual dietary intake and prevalent metabolic syndrome.
Results: Compared to individuals that met all AMDR macronutrient recommendations, the odds of having metabolic syndrome were 1.085 (95%CI: 1.077-1.094) times higher among those that consumed a restricted carbohydrate diet (P < 0.001) and 1.115 (1.153-1.156) times higher for those that met only current recommendations for total carbohydrates (P < 0.001). Higher fat intake, regardless of class, was associated with increased likelihood of metabolic syndrome among individuals that consumed restricted carbohydrate diets but not among individuals that met current carbohydrate recommendations.
Conclusions: The likelihood of prevalent metabolic syndrome was moderately higher (8.5%) among individuals that consumed restricted carbohydrate diets compared to individuals that met all macronutrient recommendations. High intake of fat of any class was associated with increased likelihood of metabolic syndrome in those consuming a restricted carbohydrate diet.
Funding Sources: This work was supported by the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS) Carbohydrate and Lipid Committees. IAFNS is a nonprofit science organization that pools funding from industry collaborators and advances science through the in-kind and financial contributions from public and private sector participants. IAFNS had no role in the design, analysis, interpretation, or presentation of the data and results.
Associations Between Essential Amino Acids and Functional Health Outcomes in Older Adults: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2018:Abstract Presentation Number: PO22-09-22
Expand
Abstract Topical Area: Nutritional Epidemiology, FSU Metabolic Kitchen & Diet Assessment Center
Presenting Author: Susan Cheung
Supported by: IAFNS Protein Committee
For more information, see here.
ABSTRACT:
Objectives: Little is known about the relationships between habitual essential amino acid (EAA) intake and functional health in older US adults. This cross-sectional study investigates associations between usual EAA intakes and body composition, muscle strength, and physical function in US adults ≥ 65 y.
Methods: The Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) 2001-2018 was linked to USDA FoodData Central to access existing EAA composition data for FNDDS ingredients. FNDDS ingredients without existing EAA data were matched to similar ingredient codes with available EAA data. Usual intakes of EAA, leucine, lysine, and sulfur-containing AAs (SAA; methionine + cysteine) from NHANES 2001-2018 were calculated as relative [mg/kg ideal body weight (IBW)/d] and absolute (g/d) intakes for individuals ≥ 65 y (n=10,843). Dependent variables were muscle strength measured by isometric grip test, BMI, waist circumference (WC), DXA-measured appendicular lean mass and whole-body fat mass, and self-reported physical function. Regression analyses were used to determine covariate-adjusted relationships between EAA, leucine, lysine, and SAA intake and functional health outcomes. P < 0.0013 was considered significant.
Results: Absolute and relative EAA, leucine, lysine, and SAA intakes were not associated with muscle strength or self-reported physical function in males or females or with body composition in males. Absolute EAA intakes (per g) were associated with WC in females (β ± SEM, 2.1 ± 0.6 cm, P = 0.0007). Absolute lysine intakes (per g) were associated with BMI (3.0 ± 0.7 kg/m2, P < 0.0001) and WC (7.0 ± 1.7 cm, P = 0.0001) in females. Relative EAA, leucine, and lysine intakes (per mg/kg IBW) were associated with BMI (0.07 ± 0.02, 0.26 ± 0.07, and 0.25 ± 0.04 kg/m2, respectively; P ≤ 0.0004 for all) and WC (0.18 ± 0.03, 0.81 ± 0.17, and 0.64 ± 0.10 cm, respectively; P < 0.0001 for all) in females. Relative lysine intakes (per mg/kg IBW) were associated with whole body fat mass (0.24 ± 0.07 kg, P = 0.0006) in females.
Conclusions: EAA intakes, particularly lysine, were positively associated with measures of adiposity in women ≥ 65 y. Investigating sources of lysine intake may provide insight about which foods or food groups are driving this relationship.
Funding Sources: IAFNS Protein Committee, USAMRDC, DoD Center Alliance for Nutrition and Dietary Supplements Research
Amino Acid Intake and Conformance With the Dietary Reference Intakes in the United States: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2018: Abstract Presentation Number: PO22-06-22
Expand
Abstract Topical Area: Nutritional Epidemiology
Presenting Author: Claire Berryman, Florida State University
Supported by: IAFNS Protein Committee
For more information, see here.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The lack of complete amino acid composition data in food composition databases has made determining population-wide amino acid intake difficult. This cross-sectional study characterizes habitual intakes of each amino acid and adherence to dietary requirements for each essential amino acid (EAA) by age, gender, and race/ethnicity in the US population.
Methods: Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies ingredient codes with missing amino acid composition data were matched to similar ingredients with available data, so that amino acid composition could be determined for virtually 100% of foods reported in What We Eat in America, the dietary intake assessment component of NHANES. Amino acid intakes during 2-y cycles of NHANES 2001-2018 (n = 84,629; ≥ 2y) were calculated as relative [mg/kg of ideal body weight (IBW)/d] and absolute (g/d) intakes. Data from NHANES 2011-2018 were used to determine the percentage of the population consuming less than the Dietary Reference Intakes for each EAA by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
Results: Relative intakes of EAAs were greatest in those 2-3 y (females: 1552 ± 9 and males: 1659 ± 9 mg/kg IBW/d) and lowest in those ≥ 80 y (females: 446 ± 2 and males: 461 ± 3 mg/kg IBW/d). Absolute intakes of EAAs were greatest in those 31-50 y (females: 31.4 ± 0.1 and males: 45.5 ± 0.1 g/d) and lowest in those 2-3 y (females: 22.4 ± 0.1 and males: 26.0 ± 0.1 g/d). In individuals 2-18 y and ≥ 19 y, relative intakes of EAAs were lowest in the NHB population (860 ± 16 and 505 ± 5 mg/kg IBW/d, respectively) and highest in the Asian population (994 ± 35 and 580 ± 7 mg/kg IBW/d, respectively). Less than 1% of individuals ≥ 19 y were not meeting the Estimated Average Requirements for each EAA.
Conclusions: Individual amino acid intakes in the US population exceed recommended minimum population requirements. Future studies can use the method described here to quantify habitual amino acid intake and examine relationships with health and disease.
Funding Sources: Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS) Protein Committee, US Army Medical Research and Development Command, and the Department of Defense Center Alliance for Nutrition and Dietary Supplements Research.
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2017
EuroTox 2017
September 10, 2017 – September 13, 2017
Bratislava, Slovakia
2016 Summer Fellow, Agnes Karmaus, will present her work on the evaluation of food-use chemicals in ToxCast.
WC10
August 20, 2017 – August 24, 2017
Seattle, WA, USA
2016 Summer Fellow, Alex Turley received an award to present her work on food relevant chemicals in ToxCast at WC10.
2017 FNSP Mid-Year Meeting
July 18, 2017
Arlington, Virgina, USA
The IAFNS mid-year meeting combines presentations on topics of current interest with reports on progress within the organization’s new and on-going programs.
IAFP 2017 Annual Meeting
July 9, 2017 – July 12, 2017
Tampa, Florida, USA
IAFNS has a long standing presence at the IAFP Annual Meeting. In 2017, sessions are supported by IAFNS’s Microbiology Committee and Food and Chemical Safety Committee.
IFT 2017 – Predictive Model to Estimate Potential Impact of High Oleic Oils on Dietary Fatty Acid Intakes in Adult Americans
June 26, 2017
Las Vegas, US
2017 Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting. Changes in the use of high-oleic oils in the U.S. food supply have potential to shift fatty acid intakes in the population.
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The IAFNS Food, Nutrition and Safety Program (FNSP) mid-year meeting combines presentations on topics of current interest with reports on progress within the organization's new and on-going programs. Explore the topics below by accessing the presentation videos.
Food Fraud
Circadian Rhythm
Systems Science
Foodborne Illness
Open Data
Metabolomics
Food Fraud
Food Fraud: A Focus on Prevention
Roy Fenoff, PhD, The Citadel
Circadian Rhythm
Circadian Rhythm in Health and Disease
Satchin Panda, PhD, Salk Institute
Systems Science
Systems Science: The Next Frontier in Food, Nutrition and Health
Bruce Lee, MD, MBA Johns Hopkins University
Foodborne Illness
Estimating Outbreak-Based Foodborne Illness Source Attribution for Four Priority Pathogens
Michael Batz, US FDA
Open Data
Open Data Sets, Transparency and Challenges for the Future
Jennifer Freeman Smith, PhD, Center for Open Science
Metabolomics
Metabolomics for Food Composition and Food Biomarker Analysis
David Wishart, PhD, University of Alberta
Case Examples of Metabolomics Use in Dietary & Nutrition Studies
Susan Sumner, PhD, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
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IAFNS is sponsoring 4 scientific sessions and 2 posters at the 2017 International Association for Food Protection Annual Meeting. Explore all the presentations below.
Scientific Sessions
Controlling foodborne pathogens
Managing Risk
Debate: Food Safety Perspectives
Chemical & Microbial Risk Assessment
Controlling foodborne pathogens
Battling Bad Bugs: Biological Approaches to Control Pathogens
Monday, July 10, 2017 from 3:30- 5:00 PM
Session Conveners: Isabel Walls, USDA NIFA, and Kendra Nightingale, Texas Tech University
Abstract:
The food industry often relies on physical and chemical interventions to control foodborne pathogens. This session is intended to discuss biological approaches to control foodborne pathogens throughout the food continuum. Topics to be covered include the use of (i) biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica Serovar Poona on fresh-cut apples with naturally occurring bacterial and yeast antagonists, (ii) probiotics to reduce the load of foodborne pathogens that enter the human food chain and pathogen populations on food and in food processing environments and (iii) bacteriophage to combat bacterial foodborne pathogens. This session will also include discussions on consumer perception and acceptance of these biological approaches to control foodborne pathogens.
Biocontrol of the Food-Borne Pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica Serovar Poona on Fresh-Cut Apples with Naturally Occurring Bacterial and Yeast Antagonists
Wojciech Janisiewicz, USDA ARS
Video
Application of Probiotics to Control Foodborne Pathogens from Farm to Fork
Mindy Brashears, Texas Tech University
Video
Application of Bacteriophage to Control Foodborne Pathogens in the Food Processing Environment and in Ready-to Eat Foods
Sam Alcaine, Cornell University
Video
Managing Risk
Managing Risk in a Zero Tolerance World
Tuesday, July 11, 2017 from 8:30 AM - 12:00 PM
Session Conveners: Laurie Post, Deibel Labs, Edith Wilkin, Leprino Foods Company
Abstract: It is accepted that there is risk in everything and the discipline of risk assessment focuses on minimizing risk to an acceptable level. This seems to be in conflict with the concept of zero tolerance, which is not completely codified in regulation and yet does seem to exist in actual food industry practice. Does the current interpretation of FSMA rules and regulatory application of new technologies in outbreak investigation drive the expectation of a zero-risk environment? What should risk assessment and food safety management look like in this changing landscape? How can risk be managed to allow suitable options for consumers and food manufacturers? The perception and understanding of risk necessitates a conversation between regulators, consumers, and the food industry.
The Changing Landscape: Implications of New Regulations on Risk Assessment
Donald Zink, IEH Laboratories & Consulting Group
Video
The International Dynamic of Risk Assessment
Robert Buchanan, University of Maryland
Video
How is Whole Genome Sequencing Impacting Assessments of Risk and Setting of Standards?
Luca Cocolin, University of Turin
Video
Setting Risk Based Performance Standards
Roy Betts, Campden BRI
Video
Risk Management- Strategies and Challenges in a Zero Risk Environment
Tim Jackson, previously Nestlé North America
Video
Consumer Perceptions of Risk and How It Influences Their Choices
William Hallman, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Video
Debate: Food Safety Perspectives
A Debate: Current Perspectives in Food Safety
Wednesday, July 12, 2017 from 8:30 AM to 10:00 AM
Abstract: This interactive roundtable is intended to engender lively discussion of important food safety topics. It is assumed audience participants will have a basic understanding of the unresolved issues surrounding the topics to be discussed in the symposium. The session will cover three topics: "The good, the bad, and the ugly foods: Should we encourage the consumption of "ugly" and expired foods?"; "Who's to blame? Do consumers own a piece of food safety?"; and, "Which is the real 'obesogen'-pizza or the pizza box?" Each topic will include a 7-minute presentation in support of (Yes, Pizza) followed by a 7-minute presentation in opposition of (No, Pizza Box) the proposed topic question. Each speaker will have 3 minutes for extemporaneous rebuttals. A 6-minute question/answer session will then follow to allow for audience participation. We will have electronic polling of the audience to allow for a Yes/No vote on each topic question prior to and following the discussion to evaluate whether people's views have been changed by the presentations.
Convener: Kendra Nightingale, Texas Tech University
The good, the bad, and the ugly foods: Should we encourage the consumption of "ugly" and expired foods?
Yes: Sarah Cahill, FAO
No: Rob Tauxe, CDC
Video
Who's to blame? Do consumers own a piece of food safety?
Yes: Sarah Brew, Faegre Baker Daniels, LLP
No: Bill Marler, Marler Clark, LLP
Video
Which is the real "obesogen"-pizza or the pizza box?
Pizza: Ruth Kava, American Council on Science and Health
Pizza Box: Stephen Safe, Texas A&M University
Video
Chemical & Microbial Risk Assessment
Chemical and Microbial Risk Assessment: Similarities and Differences
Wednesday, July 12, 2017 from 10:30 AM - 12:00 PM
Convener: Doug Holt, Dr. Pepper Snapple Group
Abstract: In food safety, risk assessment is the scientific evaluation of known or potential health effects resulting from human exposure to chemicals or microorganisms. Exposure to pathogenic microorganisms is different from exposure to chemicals. Microorganisms differ from chemicals as they can grow or die and the level of exposure to microorganisms can change dramatically in a short period. The speakers in this session will discuss the similarities and differences between chemical and microbial risk assessment; risk and risk benefit analysis and will present some case studies.
Chemical Risk Assessments and their Uses in Decision Making
Joseph Rodricks, Ramboll Environ
Video
Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment: Dealing with Biological Diversity
Robert Buchanan, University of Maryland
Video
Safety and Risk Assessments: Fit for Purpose
Jane Van Doren, FDA
Poster Presentations
Listeria monocytogenes
Salmonella
Listeria monocytogenes
Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in Cocoa Powder during Isothermal Inactivation
P3-16
Presentation on Wednesday, July 12, 2017
Authors: Hsieh-Chin Tsai, Washington State University, Marizela Silva, Washington State University, Juming Tang, Washington State University, Meijun Zhu, Washington State University
Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes can survive in dry condition for a long period of time. Despite an increasing number of studies addressing Salmonella inactivation in low-moisture foods, there is a general lack of knowledge related to L. monocytogenes inactivation in low moisture foods during thermal processing and to the factors impacting their survival in low moisture food. Cocoa powder is an essential ingredient and widely incorporated in different desserts and drinks and thus a possible source of L. monocytogenes contamination.
Purpose: To evaluate the thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes in cocoa powder and further investigate the impact of water activity (aw) on its survival in cocoa powder.
Methods: Natural unsweetened cocoa powder (Hershey's) was inoculated with three-strain L. monocytogenes cocktail (~9.0 log CFU/g), equilibrated to water activity (aw, 25°C) to 0.3 or 0.45, then subjected to isothermal treatments using aluminum TDT test cell containing 0.4 g of inoculated and equilibrated sample. The survivors were enumerated on TSAYE plates.
Results: Inactivation data resulted from different temperatures at both aw showed log-linear trend which was used to obtained thermal inactivation parameters. Thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes at 0.3 aw was significantly higher than that at 0.45 aw across all three temperatures. Listeria monocytogenes at 0.3 aw and 0.45 aw had D70°C of 7.44±1.17 and 4.77±0.28 min, D75°C of 3.62±0.03 and 2.84±0.09 min, and D80°C of 1.35±0.04 and 1.06±0.05 min, respectively, z-value at 0.3 aw and 0.45 aw was 13.48 and 15.31°C, respectively.
Significance: Listeria monocytogenes demonstrated much higher thermal resistance in cocoa powder compared to the high moisture foods, which is impacted by aw. Data provide valuable information for industry to validate thermal processing for control of L. monocytogenes in low moisture foods.
Salmonella
Assessment of Survival and Virulence of Salmonella in Low-moisture Foods
P3-17
Poster Presentation on Wednesday, July 12, 2017
Authors: Victor Jayeola, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, Jeffrey Farber, University of Guelph, CRIFS, Department of Food Science, Guelph, Canada, Sophia Kathariou, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
Introduction: Low-moisture foods (LMF) have been implicated in multiple outbreaks of salmonellosis. However, mechanisms mediating survival and virulence of Salmonella in such foods remain poorly understood
Purpose: To assess survival and virulence of Salmonella in low moisture foods.
Methods : A two-strain mixture of Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis was used to inoculate two model LMF, chocolate and in shell pistachios. Products (100 g) were inoculated with four ml of the Salmonella cell suspension, dried for one to three hours until aw approximated that of the uninoculated product, aliquoted into 15-ml centrifuge tubes and stored in the dark at 22°C. Salmonella populations immediately after inoculation, after drying and at 1, 4, 6, 10, 15, and 21 days were determined in triplicate on nonselective (TSA-YE) and selective (XLD) media. Virulence was tested in the insect Galleria mellonella model by injecting 10 µl of rinsate from products at one day into the last left proleg of 10 larvae. Rinsate from uninoculated products were also injected as controls. The larvae were incubated at 37°C and larval mortality was daily monitored.
Results: The population of Salmonella in the inoculated products was eight and nine log CFU/g immediately after inoculation and 7.3 and 8.0 log CFU/g after drying for chocolate and pistachios, respectively. Populations decreased to 4.5 and 7.5 log CFU/g by 21 days in chocolate and pistachios, respectively. Recovery of Salmonella from either product on TSAYE and XLD was similar. Larvae inoculated with 3.4 log CFU/ml of the cocktail had a mortality of 100% after 24 h compared to 80% of larvae inoculated with 3.9 log CFU/ml cells from chocolate and 30% for larvae inoculated with 3.7 log CFU/ml cells from pistachios. The mortality of controls was 0 and 10% for uninoculated pistachios and chocolate, respectively.
Significance: Findings show that Salmonella can survive in chocolate liquor and pistachios and that cells adapted to the LMF environment retained virulence.
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